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Email Header Analyzer

Parse raw email headers to trace delivery and authentication.

Your data stays in your browser
Paste raw email headers. We'll trace delivery, auth, and delays.

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How to Analyze Email Headers

Open the email you want to investigate and find the raw headers. In Gmail, click the three dots menu and choose "Show original." In Outlook, open message properties. Copy the full header text and paste it above. The analyzer traces every server hop your message took, checks SPF, DKIM, and DMARC authentication, and flags any delays or issues in the delivery chain.

What Email Headers Tell You

Every email carries a trail of metadata that records its journey from sender to recipient. Each server that handles the message adds a "Received:" header with its name, IP address, and timestamp. Reading these headers reveals the complete delivery path, how long each hop took, and whether the message was delayed, rerouted, or relayed through unexpected servers. This is essential for diagnosing delivery problems, identifying spoofing attempts, and understanding why emails end up in spam.

Understanding SPF, DKIM, and DMARC

SPF verifies that the sending server's IP address is authorized by the domain's DNS records. DKIM adds a cryptographic signature to the message that proves it wasn't altered in transit. DMARC ties SPF and DKIM together with a domain policy that tells receiving servers what to do when authentication fails. All three working together is the standard for legitimate email delivery. When any of them fails, the message is more likely to be flagged as spam or rejected entirely.

How do I find email headers? +
In Gmail, open the message, click the three-dot menu in the top right, and select "Show original." You'll see the full headers at the top of the page — copy everything before the message body. In Outlook desktop, open the message, go to File > Properties, and the headers are in the "Internet headers" box. In Apple Mail, choose View > Message > All Headers. Every email client buries headers somewhere different, but the data is always there.
What do SPF, DKIM, and DMARC mean? +
SPF (Sender Policy Framework) checks if the sending server is allowed to send on behalf of the domain. DKIM (DomainKeys Identified Mail) verifies the message hasn't been tampered with using a cryptographic signature. DMARC (Domain-based Message Authentication, Reporting, and Conformance) combines both and adds a policy for what to do when checks fail. Together they prevent email spoofing and improve deliverability.
Why is my email delayed? +
Delays between hops usually point to server queues, greylisting (a spam prevention technique that intentionally delays first-time senders), DNS lookup timeouts, or overloaded mail servers. The header timestamps show you exactly where the delay happened. A delay at the first hop often means the sending server queued the message. A delay at the last hop usually means the receiving server was slow to accept it.
How many hops should an email have? +
Most emails travel through 3 to 7 hops. Direct delivery between two well-configured mail servers might be as few as 2-3. Messages that pass through mailing lists, forwarding rules, or spam filters add extra hops. More than 10 hops is unusual and might indicate excessive forwarding, misconfigured relays, or mail loops. The number alone isn't a problem — it's the delays and routing that matter.
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